Taking a good look at today’s Nigeria is more than enough to launch one into a state of depression. Life appears to be so unpredictable that there isn’t much we can be sure of. Doubt and uncertainly seem to have become very much a part of life.

As a result of the desire for security and happiness, most people work very hard to acquire the things they believe would make them happy and secure-usually money and material possessions. The average youth has a dream tomorrow. A dream that could be realized by any conscientious, coveigeos and determined person. A dream in which a good education would admit him into a life of independence. A life in which the young adult has a good job to account for, a roof above his head, three square meals on his table a day, access to basic amenities, luxuries for confort, extra for savings and probably a family to care for rewards for his sweat and labours. The problem with this dream remains in the fact that time would have to be reset to three or four decades ago.

The possessions people crave to acquire could be wiped out instantly by an earthquake, hurricane, an accident, a violent crime, serious illness, unemployment, homelessness, to mention a few with nuclear wars, ecological disaster and economic chaos looming large on the horizon, today’s youths have grown up under the threat of having no future at all. These and other impending disasters are instilling fear that humans have joined the league of endangered species.

In the meantime, a lot of resources, time inclusive has been spent in prolonging life, combating illness and disability, all in an effort to improve living conditions. Many of the ideas such as sensible eating and drinking habits, physical exercise, proper hygiene have been quite beneficial. But we need more than just simple guidelines for handling the broad rang of concern affecting our existence. The first step to solving any problem lies in identifying the problems. The obstacles threatening the future of youths include:

1.      OVER POPULATION

Nearly three billion people are expected to be added to the world during the first half of this century – slightly fewer than the 3.5 billion added during the last half of the 20^th century. Whereas the growth gin 1950 to 2000 occurred in both industrial and developing countries, the growth in the next fifty years is expected to be almost enterly in the developing ones.

In Nigerian town and cities, population doubtes in almost every three or four, overstretching the fiscal, technical and managerial capacity of the nation. The rural folks

are deserting the country side for the cities, many having been lured by the bright lights or driven from the country side by political and economic turmoil and ecological breakdown. There appears to be no slowdown in sight. A report by world watch institute estimates that by 2015, Lagos may be home to nearly 25 million people, rising in rank from the world’s thirteenth largest city to the third largest.

The strain in the urban areas resulting from overpopulation is causing public facilities to wear out faster than they are being replaced. Basic amenities such as water and electricity supply are limited and inadequate. The roads and bridges are becoming more difficult to remain.

2.      HOMELESSNESS

Access to decent shelter has worsened despite the government’s promise of housing for all by the turn of the last millennium. For instance, out the 121000 housing stock slated to be constructed between 1994 and 1998, only about 1014 (less than 1%) were completed in Lagos.

Statistics show that 85% of urban population live in single room apartments, while occupants per room range between 8 and 12. Millions of people live in sub-standard and sub-human environments with ram shackle huts and match box houses for dwellings. Their less fortunate counter parts make do with improvised dwellings in uncompleted buildings or more commonly beneath bridges.

3.      DISEASE

Health problems are more common than ever as broken down sewerage systems and vermin-infested garbage heaps dot dwelling places, providing the perfect breeding sites for germs and micro organisms. For instance, malaria has continued to be a major evil, killing 300,000 Nigerian children yearly and disrupting productivity. In Africa alone, it is estimated that one child dies from complications of malaria every 30 seconds. In addition, malaria is a primary cause of miscarriage, stillbirth and low birth weight and is responsible for 11% of all maternal mortality.

A research survey showed that awareness of insect treated nets (ITNs) among Nigerians increased significantly from 7% to 60% in 2000. But recent household survey showed that the high increase in awareness does not match actual usage by vulnerable Nigerians.

4.      POVERTY

Recent World Bank findings indicate that half of the people in the world live on less than US$ 2 a day. Another one-fifth live on less than US$ 1 a day. Seventy percent of Nigerians fall in the second category. 29% of children are underweight while 97% of people to be born in the next 25 years would be born into poverty in the developing world.

Most Nigerians cannot afford two square meals a day. Those that can feed themselves three times regularly are considered rich. There is no question of clothing and decent shelter among many of them. While some live in relative comfort, millions live as squatters, setting up shacks wherever they can. Many eke out a living in whatever way they can savaging in dumps, havling heavy loads or collecting recyclables in push carts.

The basic amenities are difficulties to come by. Electricity keeps dweindling yearly. Some localities may be without electricity for more than 3 days a week. The other alternative-generators-cast quite a lot of money and the average person cannot afford it. Water supply is highly unpredictable. House hold taps are basically for decorative purposes.

Public hospitals are few and devoid of many facilities. Hospital bills and drugs are expensive and not within the reach of the average person. The private hospitals are not with these problems but they are closed to average Nigerians.

Education which is supposed to be a top is a bighurdle. It is expensive and yet some learning centres are in bad shape since they are being stretched beyond limits. Some actually consider education a time-wasting venture since the frequent strike actions by the educators prolong one’s yearly in school.

In the struggle for survival, poverty and other related problems have eroded family ties so that children have been forced to tend for themselves. It is not an uncommon sight to see kids walking around with trays of good on their heads or doing menial work at the local markets. Those in dire need adorn the streets inform of beggars. The growing number of street children is heart rending evidence of the deep poverty that exists in the cities of the developing world.

5.      UNEMPLOYMENT

A report by researchers from World Bank and the Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research revealed that in May 2000, the Federal Civil Service Commission expected a total of 100,000 applications for only 3301 available positions. In other words, there were 30 University graduates for every single vacancy in the commission.

The situation is actually worse than the figures indicate since graduates from the 16 state universities were not taken into account. The higher institutions are churning out graduates faster than they can be absorbed in the labour market. And unemployment figures continue to soar high.

A good university education is no more a guarantee to a fulfilling and satisfying well paid white collar job. Job-hunting is so chronic that it is becoming hader than schooling. There is too much nepotism and favoritism that the available jobs are mostly for “the boys”. Unless there is somebody in the top ranks to secure you job, you might remain in the unemployment league for years.

6.      ECONOMIC CHAOS               

The root of economic backwardness, stagnation and declines is the poor performance of the agricultural sector, which ideally should have been the predominant sector. The domestic policies with regard to agriculture had often constituted a disincentive for farmers. This is partly responsible for the high rate of rural-urban migration. This shortage of rural labour force is rapidly increasing the population of urban dwellers who have to be fed by the rural folks.

The so much dependence on a single export commodity-crude oil, has made the Nigerian economy vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices. Whenever global prices fall, the economy is thrown out of gear. It become more and more difficult for the government to meet its obligations.

In the wake of petro-dollas, Nigerians suddenly developed an appetite for imported goods. The dependency on agriculture was neglected and virtually destroyed. Food became a net import and it became generally forgotten that about 3 decades ago, Nigeria was the world’s most important producer of palm kernel and palm oil, the second most important producer of cocoa; the fifth rubber exporter and a major exporter of cotton, hides and skirs, timber, tin, columbite.

The massive depletion of foreign exchange caused Nigeria to go a-borrowing and till date, a huge debt trap still hangs on her neck.

7.      ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND POLLUTION

The tropical jungles are gradually being turned into concrete jungles where plants and animals are replaced by high rise building and infrastructures. Rampant bush burning is threatening the growth of trees and wildlife species and reducing the ecological diversity. Gravel mining and inadequate or obstructed drainages are aggravating the problem of flooding and erosion.

Refuse heaps generated by residents, some as high as ten feet characterize the major cities, blocking motorways and making passages along alleys and pawerments difficult coloured, hot and heavy metal-laden effluents from textile, tannery and paint industries are being discharged directly into open drains and water channels, constituting direct dangers to water users. In one local community located rear the Kaduna river, the inhabitants developed scaly-like skin as a result of bathing with the effluence – contaminated water.

Gaseous emissions and particulates from industries are resulting in severe respiratory and cardiac consequences. The physical spread of these gares often occlude sunlight for hars in several parts of Lagos. For instance visibility reduction to les than 20m has almost become a permanent toature of the Oko baba mid-section of the third mainland bridge in Lagos where saw milleass burn way and other wood shawings.

The implication of the stration is becoming worrisome. Health experts have warned of impending out break of epidemic. The Nigerian Conservation Foundation (NCF) has also warned against the degradation of the environment which has contributed in no small measure to the exacerbation of low agricultural productivity, rural poverty, proliferation of diseases associated with extreme temperatures and poor environmental conditions.

8.      HUMAN RIGHTS INFRINGEMENT

From time immemorial, the mate child has always been given preference over the female child in Africa. Tradition has it that the proliferation of a family’s generations is dependent on the male child. As a result of this deep-rooted tradition, women are generally given a back seat in the society. The low percentage of women in politics is an example of gender inequality.

In spite of the Universal Human Rights treaty and section 10 of the Federal Constitution requiring that Nigeria remain a secular country, the adoption of Sharia (Muslim law) in some northern parts of the country is posing problems as non-muslim residents are not comfortable with it. Some of the practical effects of Sharia are that it:

-         prohibits alcohol consumption

-         allows flogging, limb amputation and beheading as punishment for certain crimes

-         requires boys and girls to be educated separately

-         requires separate public transportation for men and women

These are threats to certain rights of any individual such as right to life, right to freedom of movement e.t.c.

9.      CIVIL UNREST

Conflict is as old as mankind. In any human society, there is band to be some torm of dispute at one time or the other ranging from mere backyard squabbles into international wars.

Our pages of history are saturated with the blood of innocent victims. Even in our so-called enlightened 21^st century where scientific and technological advancements are geared towards improving the quality of life, racial and tribal conflicts have made youths a prime target for slaughter. It seems that the youths have to pay for the mistakes and ambitions of their elders.

The adoption of Sharia resulted in a religious tracas in Kaduna, Nigeria in 2000. Mosques, Churches,  Commercial establishments and private properties were forced to flee from Kaduna. The tracas did not just end there. It spread to other towns and death tolls rose rapidly.

In the Niger Delta region, community clashes the order of the day. As a result, development in that region is nothing to write home about.

10.    VIOLENCE AND CRIME

In places where unemployment rates high, armed robbery, prostitution, fraud, extortion e.t.c are bound to flourish. The world of crime has become a booming industry in which many have chosen to invest in to escape poverty.

Street children who were left to tend for themselves often fall into the hands of miscreants. Much against their wish, they are forced to engage in anti-social behaviour. And a few years later, the same persons begin to attack members of the society a form of kickback for the ills they suffered in their childhood. For instance there is the risk of harassment from touts commonly known as “area boys” who parade the street of Lagos.  

In my own view, I believe the solution to these obstacles lies in:

A       POPULATION CONTROL

Countries with teeming population can reduce their family size quickly. The success recorded by Thailand and Iran can be achieved anywhere. With the average number of children per woman now less than two, Thailand’s annual population growth rate has been reduced from 3% to 0.8% per year while Iran has cut its population growth in half from 1987 to 1994.

Family planning, reproductive health and contraception are topics that people are not usually comfortable talking about. The first step would generally involve promoting such discussions. Radio and television broadcasts could be utilized in providing the necessary information. Population studies should be included in school curriculum so that even children would get to understood the consequences of prolonged exponential population growth. Religious leaders could be mobilized to convince couples to have smaller families.

Family planning services should be made available and at affordable prices. This alongside other initiatives could be combined to reduce the number of children per woman.

B.      HOUSING PROJECTS

The houses erected by the Nigerian government in the last few years are currently up for sale. The problem lies in the fact that the cost runs in millions and is far above the reach of the average citizen. The government could enter into agreement with the prospective buyer sucgh that payment is made in instalments.

Sky-scraper apartments could be erected and let at affordable prices. This will ensure more housing units on the limited space available. Private investors could be invited to partake in housing projects.

Cooperative and thrift societies could assist and enable their members eract their own houses. Funding could be sought from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and corporate bodies.

C       IMPROVING HEALTH STANDARDS

Eliminating breeding sites of diseases –causing organism and maintaining a high standard of sanitation rates. Preventive measures are generally cheaper than corrective measures. Recommendations for better health should be taken more seriously.

D.      ERADICATING POVERTY

To enable the poor and more vulnerable sections of the society to achieve sustainable livelihoods, individuals, families and communities should be economically empowered through well coordinated and comprehensive poverty-alleviation programmes and policies.

The tools of biotechnology will boost food production needed to support the expanding population. For instance in Indian, a bacterial gene injected into cotton seeds produced a good resistance against boll worms – a major concern for cotton farmers. The same success achieved in India could be extended to other crops. Mechanized farming and irrigation will lend more land to agriculture all year round. When there is an abundance of food, market forces will come into play. Food prices fall and becomes within the reach of everybody.

Poverty-stricken area should be developed through provision of appropriate infrastructure and support system to facilitate project implementation at grass root level. Alternatives to hydro-power generation such as solar panels and bio-gas-generated power could be employed in the rural communities. Bore-holes and reservoirs could serve water needs. Putting the education sector in proper shape, making basic education free or granting repayable student bans would goa long way in making education available to all.

E.      JOB CREATION

All persons must be provided with the opportunity to earn a sustainable sector of the economy will promote small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) and enable them acquire economic self-sufficiency.

National development plans and budgets on investment in human capital focusing on the rural areas would open them up for employment. For instance, establishing hospitals, banks, power stations e.t.c in the rural areas would create more employment.

Nepotism and favoritism have to be eliminated so that the right persons can get into right places.

F.      ECONOMIC REBIRTH

Economic diversification is a necessity that most meet up with the challenges of the 21^st century. To build on economy that is self-sufficient and economically competitive internationally, massive investment in agriculture as the source of raw materials for industries, food for the teeming population and source of employment must be embarked upon.

The private sector has a lot to contribute to any economy. For instance in the last few years, SME, in Poland have contributed to 78⁰ 74% of the total working population. Making the country one of the fastest growing economies in eastern Europe. In South Korea, SME, have been the major vehicle through which foreign technology is transferred. In spite of the long years of economic and political isolation due to apartried in South Africa, the SMEs are quite vibrant with participants distributed in a wide range of sectors.

In borrowing a leaf from other rations, there is need for sustained government support for the SMEs to facilitate their entrenchment in these economies where their existence is still doubtful and wobbly. Various plans and policies should be adopted to create an enabling environment which is a pre requisite for industrial competitiveness against the backdrop of globalization.

G.     ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION

Several local NGOs such as the Nigerian Conservation Funds to support environmental projects in Nigeria in the last 15 years.

Tree-planting campaigns need to be taken more seriously than ever logging slash-and-burn farming and other practices destroying the forests should be restricted.

Stabilizing gully and costal erosion sites would minimize and eventually prevent the incidence of erosion.

Non-biodegradable wastes could be recycled while biodegradable ones could be used in biogas generation. Numerous land fill sites exist where the rest of the waste could go.

A hundred percent compliance with international and national  regulations, standards and guidelines on wastes, the Kyoto protocol would ensure that biodiversity is maintained.

H.      RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS

Equal rights and privileges must be given sexes in all aspects of life. It is quite useless if the agreement to “abide by the highest human rights standards” ends with a signature on paper. The agreement must be brought to grand. And provision must be made for every citizen to seek redress whenever his basic rights have been denied.

I.       DIALOGUE

Dialogue has been and will continue to be the way out in matters relating to conflict. If our leaders can have their differences ironed out in round-table conferences, then our temptations to meet on battle fields would be eliminated.

J       COMBATING CRIME

Assigning responsibilities to idle hands can curb crime, if not wipe it out completely.

Vocational centers will create an avenue for redirecting the minds of youths and empowering trem to acquire economic self-sufficiency. Inculcating compulsory community service in school programs will go a long way in building the spirit of selfless service and will provide the much needed opportunity  for youths to channel their energies towards positive contributions to their environment.  It will also enkindle them in the dignity of labour.

In conclusion, all hopes are not yet lost. The dreams and potentials of any youth can still be realized. We’re got what it takes and all that is left is for the relevant authorities and persons concerned to play their parts with commitment.

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It is a fact that for a living, food, shelter and clothes are needed. To get all these necessities one has to possess money.  This is a great truth which one cannot deny.  Money is an indispensable thing required like oxygen for survival which can buy anything to every thing in this world. It is therefore a precious thing of our life and belongings.  For, with money, all the necessities including luxuries can be bought for living as well as enjoying life. This is the sole reason why money attracts people, exhibiting its novel character of being a great motivator at workplaces. We all work to earn and get money and better wages can induce or in other words motivate workers to do the best. But then there is a great question. Can more money buy human emotions enough to motivate workers at workplaces?   

     It is observed, that the performance and excellence grades of the workers in a workplace, are not similar and does differ one from another since the levels, factors and forces of motivation are different from employee to employee. Though every worker is in the workplace to earn, not all of them tend to do the job with equal motivation. In other words the driving force to do the job best differs from one worker to another. This means in plain words that there are certain forces which motivate workers in workplaces. Also there are factors which may motivate persons to go for certain job purely for the rewards in monetary terms, and that could be wages, bonus, allowances, perks and incentives.

     A number of theories have been propounded and research work done regarding what motivates workers at workplaces. The most remarkable theory in the context is that of Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs, Hertzberg’s Two Factor Theory and Alderfer’s ERG Theory. Maslow propounded that Human beings have wants and desires which influence their behaviors, and that only unsatisfied needs can influence behaviors, satisfied needs cannot. Since needs are many, they are arranged in order of importance, from the basic to the complex. The person advances to the next level of needs only after the lower level need is at least minimally satisfied. The further the progress up the hierarchy, the more individuality, humanness and psychological health a person will show. The needs varying from basic (lowest, earliest) to most complex (highest, latest) being Physiological Safety and security Social Self esteem and Self actualization .

 Herzberg’s two factor theory, says that certain factors in the workplace result in job satisfaction, while others do not, but if absent lead to dissatisfaction. He distinguished

between: motivation and hygiene. Motivators being challenging work, recognition, responsibility which gives positive satisfaction, and factors status, job security, salary and fringe benefits which do not motivate if present, but if absent will result in demotivation. He has name job salary etc.as Hygiene factors because, like hygiene, the presence will not make you healthier, but absence could cause health deterioration.

     There is a theory wherein rewards are treated in motivational perspectives. For, one gets a reward to do certain activity. Say occurrence of a behavior is acknowledged by giving a reward. Or a worker may know that for doing certain job he would be rewarded. So here too money seems to act as a motivator.

     All the popular motivation theories have their flaws and detractors, but they do give us an insight into some of the mechanisms at work in day-to-day organizational life. A number of key messages ring true: firstly, people are not automatons and their reasons for behaving in a certain way are more complex than just money or laziness. Secondly, different people are motivated differently – there is no such thing as a simple, all-encompassing solution. Thirdly, it’s important to get the work environment right if you want to get the most from people; and finally, managing perceptions and expectations is very important if you want to help people get the most from their work

     Just take a situation where A and B are offered a job of a manager with a salary less than another job of say a cleaner with more salary. Which one would he choose? For the job of a cleaner with more income than the manager would be more profitable. It doesn’t matter what work is to be done. One’s personality does not change with the type of work one does. But here the choice of job may vary between the two as per their attitude towards the main factor, monetary benefit the job would offer. Other factor can be, say, prestige holding the position, job satisfaction, further career enhancement etc.

     All workers are motivated primarily by the need for money; so to get the most out of your workforce, you have to pay them more. This is prevalent in many businesses in the form of performance-related pay, incentives, bonuses and promotion schemes. Interestingly in a study conducted by a team of Stanford scientists have observed that Money talks, but it might also help people remember. They have shown for the first time that motivation in the form of a reward also gets the brain ready to learn. There is therefore no doubt that money is an effective motivator at workplaces.

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Some say its rubbish and it won’t get anywhere, others say it’s the new thing and the future, but judging by the recent events in it has urban grooves music reached the point of appreciation from the renowned musicians.

Zimbabwe will one day stand up and applaud the fathers of the true Zimbabwean music.

It is not long ago that the older and more experienced musicians where the ones at the forefront of scoffing at the urban grooves campaign that saw most of the young artists being castigated for their different ways of making new contemporary music.

Oliver Mtukudzi was one of them and he always castigated the way the music of these youngsters was being done. Veteran Thomas Mapfumo has also been known to echo the same sentiments about this new genre of music. But in an about turn Mtukudzi has recorded a song with urban groover XQ whilst last year Macheso did the same with Mudiwa. Can this be the point of realisation and appreciation of urban grooves music from the seasoned musicians?

Looking back at the beginning of the music industry in Zimbabwe, one can only applause the distance which these young musicians have come so far. The biggest criticisms being that they were performing with soundtrack CD’s and were perceived as not being serious about music. To the renowned artists this one man show type of music meant no creativity at all. Even the audiences used to scoff at seeing an urban groover alone on stage with just a sound track in the back and lip singing. To a certain extend this criticism helped in sprucing up the act of these young artist as most are now turning to live instruments and even if they play backtracks, they now have dancers to entertain their audiences.

Listening to the latest XQ album one gets to appreciate the depth of the urban groove artist who has come of age but it is only after listening to the song Pane Rudo that a familiar voice of Mtukudzi assures you that truly the young man has come of age. Now that older artists are teaming up with these young artists a point of appreciation has now been realised and finally heaven’s doors seem to have opened for urban grooves.

We asked the artists what really is urban music is and the answer was one that was delivered with astute confidence by Stunner. “This is a new type of music mostly spearheaded by youngsters in urban centers hence the name urban grooves.” He went on to say that this is today’s music, here to stay and going to be music for tomorrow. “Off course our elders in the music industry always try to do us down but the real factor is that our music is here to stay. Can you imagine Museve making it in the few years to come,” echoed Leonard Mapfumo another urban groover. He went on to say that this was not only in Zimbabwe but also in countries like Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria and Zambia where this music is called Urban Mondo.

As stated by the website wikipedia.org this genre of music in Zimbabwe “closely resembles American Rap, Hip Hop, RnB, Soul and other international music genres.” The site goes on to say that this  “imitation” of the West has resulted in Urban Grooves being unpopular with older listeners and artists who accuse the younger generation of shunning their cultural music and identity. Mapfumo had this to say again, “We grew being made to listen to guys like Lionel Ritchie,Dolly parton and all those American and European artists by our parents. Later on we chose to have our own taste in music and hence we started liking urban American music because we had been exposed to such foreign music from young age. Now that we are doing it using local languages people see it wrong. Urban grooves is here to stay.”

Talking to another urban groover, Mudiwa, who recorded with Macheso last year he said its also a marvel for the youngsters to be able to record with big and established artists. “My titles on my songs are all inspired by Macheso. I take his Shona titles for his albums and songs and I put them into English with his full support,” he said. He went on to say that this means that urban music is now growing interest from adults. “On my new album Macheso is going to be there as well. In actual fact he is my mentor,” said Mudiwa.

Tendai Chidarikire popularly as Sasamania says that it is unfair to box up these musicians and call them strictly urban groovers as this tends to make their music autonomous. “The moment you box an artist and label them a Museve artist or urban groover then there is no room for diversity. Look at R Kelly. He can sing in almost all genres be it R&B, soul or hip-hop said Chidarikire. “Some of us have been boxed for sure but then there are same of us who opt to go out of the box and then come back” said Stunner

Has urban grooves music now reached Heaven’s doors? Has it finally now achieved the so much needed recognition synonymous to the genres like Sungura, Contemporary and Ethnic in Zimbabwe? The answer lies only in the appreciation this music is going to get from the listeners as well as its appreciation from seasoned musicians.

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Ever since the first digital wrist watch was manufactured in Switzerland in the year 1968, the watch industry is tirelessly engaged in research and development of newer watches that are trendy, unique, useful and innovative.  Off late we can find watches of wide range in different styles and patterns for all types of prices.

The newest wrist watches of today are trendy digital flash watches.  These are the improved version of LCD watches with LED display technology.  The watches usually come with screen like calculator with 4 rows of digits, starting from 0 to 9.  The current day, time and date are displayed in the watch by the glowing digits.  There are a number of other models in different shapes and display patterns.  Manufactured by Tokyo Flash Japan, these watches are available allover the world from a price ranging from USD.80 to 200.  The complete range is catalogued at http://www.tokyoflash.com/en/watches/1/

The uniqueness of these watches lies in the display patter of information.  So all the information including day, time and date are displayed in digits in red, green and orange.  Though the user takes little time to get familiar to read the watch, he will surely enjoy its convenience later.  The 4 digital columns of the watch indicate 4 different information…they are Clock, representing time, Dollar, marking the year, Sun, showing the day and date and Wine Glass for setting your refreshment/wining time.  Based on the function, these signs are lit in conformity with the relevant LED display of numbers.

The TokyoFlash watches usually made in Case and Bracelet styles.  The Case style comes in a good solid and sturdy looks with stainless steel body.  Bracelet styles come in sleek and flexible pattern and have more of ornamental look.  The size of the case varies from 29mm to 60mm and length by 55mm to 70mm.  They weigh between 130 to 200 grams.

The bottom of the case is engraved with words PIMP and other product information like ‘Water Resistant’ ‘Lithium Battery CR2032’ ‘Stainless Steel Back’ is printed for authenticity.

The watches are usually shipped from TFJ via EMS post within 3 to 5 working days.  The watches are packed in sturdy tin container to avoid any damage to watch and it is firmly wrapped inside the tin with foam fill for added safety.  The tin will had word PIMP super scribed on outer body and STAR PERFORMER notifying that this item is a limited production.  The box will also include the instruction sheet in English and Japanese for the users.

To conclude, these watches are uniquely designed to stand out among all other digital and analog watches.  The styles are very impeccable and electrifying.  However the draw back is that the batter drains out very fast and it is sometime inconvenient to properly read the watch in direct sunlight.  The LED glow can sometimes be very dull and digits cannot be readable.

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Ever since the first digital wrist watch was manufactured in Switzerland in the year 1968, the watch industry is tirelessly engaged in research and development of newer watches that are trendy, unique, useful and innovative.  Off late we can find watches of wide range in different styles and patterns for all types of prices.

The newest wrist watches of today are trendy digital flash watches.  These are the improved version of LCD watches with LED display technology.  The watches usually come with screen like calculator with 4 rows of digits, starting from 0 to 9.  The current day, time and date are displayed in the watch by the glowing digits.  There are a number of other models in different shapes and display patterns.  Manufactured by Tokyo Flash Japan, these watches are available allover the world from a price ranging from USD.80 to 200.  The complete range is catalogued at http://www.tokyoflash.com/en/watches/1/

The uniqueness of these watches lies in the display patter of information.  So all the information including day, time and date are displayed in digits in red, green and orange.  Though the user takes little time to get familiar to read the watch, he will surely enjoy its convenience later.  The 4 digital columns of the watch indicate 4 different information…they are Clock, representing time, Dollar, marking the year, Sun, showing the day and date and Wine Glass for setting your refreshment/wining time.  Based on the function, these signs are lit in conformity with the relevant LED display of numbers.

The TokyoFlash watches usually made in Case and Bracelet styles.  The Case style comes in a good solid and sturdy looks with stainless steel body.  Bracelet styles come in sleek and flexible pattern and have more of ornamental look.  The size of the case varies from 29mm to 60mm and length by 55mm to 70mm.  They weigh between 130 to 200 grams.

The bottom of the case is engraved with words PIMP and other product information like ‘Water Resistant’ ‘Lithium Battery CR2032’ ‘Stainless Steel Back’ is printed for authenticity.

The watches are usually shipped from TFJ via EMS post within 3 to 5 working days.  The watches are packed in sturdy tin container to avoid any damage to watch and it is firmly wrapped inside the tin with foam fill for added safety.  The tin will had word PIMP super scribed on outer body and STAR PERFORMER notifying that this item is a limited production.  The box will also include the instruction sheet in English and Japanese for the users.

To conclude, these watches are uniquely designed to stand out among all other digital and analog watches.  The styles are very impeccable and electrifying.  However the draw back is that the batter drains out very fast and it is sometime inconvenient to properly read the watch in direct sunlight.  The LED glow can sometimes be very dull and digits cannot be readable.

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Learning and Perception are intertwined. They are relatively connected with each other.

            When we say Learning, it is a term used referring to a relatively permanent change in behavior that is a result of past experience or practice. It includes classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and perceptual learning. While Perception on the other hand, is a general term referring to the awareness of objects, qualities, or events stimulating the sense organs; it also refers to a person’s experience of the world. So when one perceives something through his environment, he then learns it and somehow puts it into practice (Hulse, Deese, & Egeth, 1975).

            The brain has a strong tendency to organize various stimuli into objects which are seen as figures on grounds. Stability in our world is provided by our various perceptual constancies. Like in death, we perceive death because we make us of several monocular and binocular cues. These general principles help us to understand how perception works. The organisms or individual’s stage of development affects or influences the things he perceives through the things he learned.

            Just about everything we learn is partly a learning of new perceptions. And our previous learning affects our present perceptions, especially when the learning has been emotional or unusually meaningful (Hochberg, 1964, p. 287).

 . A gun maybe perceived quite differently by a woman whose husband has been killed in a hunting accident and by a child who is fascinated with cowboys. To the child the gun is a toy associated with pleasurable excitement, with fantasies of range wars and of galloping horses. To bereaved wife the gun is a deadly weapon associated with sadness and fear.

            For example, a young woman who fell in love and was broken hearted already has learned a lesson not to give everything the next time her heart beats again. Another example is, a baby who tries to learn to walk tries his very best to know how to balance, even though he experiences fall sometimes he still tries his best to do it and learn how to walk. So before it we can call it learning from their mistakes, the change must be relatively permanent; it must last a fairly long time. These rules out changes in behavior due to motivation, fatigue, adaptation, or sensitivity of the organism.

            Learning contributes much to perception, but it is only one ingredient. Many factors both learned and unlearned, affect what the person actually does. Even so, an individual’s performance is all that we can measure. We must infer, by appropriate control or knowledge of the conditions affecting perception, when perception has been changed through learning and when it has been changed by other factors (King, 1971, p. 79-80).

            Moreover, learned and unlearned factors interact in complex ways. For example, many kinds of behavior depend on perception. When a student has learned that he should study for him to succeed then he will likely do it because he believes; which is his perception, meaning he is aware of; that when finishes his studies that individual will succeed.

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